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Grammar

Subject-verb agreement in IELTS

The error examiners see more often than any other, and the easiest to fix. With an error correction exercise.

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Subject-verb agreement in IELTS is the most frequent error in the whole writing test, and it is not usually a gap in knowledge. Candidates know that a singular subject takes a singular verb; what defeats them is finding the subject when several words sit between it and the verb.

Because it repeats, it does real damage. A single slip is treated as a slip, but the same error twenty times across an essay is treated as evidence about your level.

The rules

Where subject-verb agreement in IELTS goes wrong

Six situations that cause almost every agreement error in the test.

Find the head noun

In the effect of these policies on rural communities, the subject is the effect, so the verb is singular. Everything between the head noun and the verb is there to distract you.

The number of, a number of

The number of students has risen is singular, because the subject is the number. A number of students have complained is plural, because a number of simply means several.

Uncountable nouns are singular

Information is, research shows, advice is, equipment was, news is. None of them takes a plural verb, and none of them takes a plural s.

People and police are plural

People are, never people is. The same applies to the police, which takes a plural verb even though it has no s.

Each, every and one of

All three take a singular verb: each student has, every country faces, one of the main problems is. The plural noun after one of is the usual trap.

A word of warning

There is and there are agree with what follows, not with there. Write there are several reasons, and take particular care in speaking, where there is slips out by default.

Method

How to remove agreement errors

Six ways this earns marks under Grammatical Range and Accuracy.

Read for one thing only

Go through the essay looking at verbs and nothing else. Reading for every possible error at once reliably catches none of them.

Cover the middle of the sentence

Hide everything between the head noun and the verb, and the correct form becomes obvious immediately.

Learn the uncountable list

Information, advice, research, equipment, knowledge, furniture, news, progress. Eight words, and they account for a large share of the errors on this point.

Watch verbs after a relative pronoun

People who lives is a version of the same error. The verb agrees with the noun the clause describes.

Slow down at the third person

The final s on the verb is the form most often dropped under time pressure, and it is the most visible when missing.

Check it in speaking too

The same criterion is used there. Rehearsing a few stock sentences correctly reduces the number of times the error appears.

Practice

Agreement error correction exercise

Each sentence contains one error. Choose the correction.

How to approach these

Read the whole sentence before you choose. Every option below is a real form of English, so the question is not which word exists but which one this sentence needs.

This is how examiners see your writing: not as rules broken, but as sentences that do or do not work.

Questions 1 to 6

1Correct the error: The number of people using public transport have increased sharply.

Has increased. The subject is the number, which is singular. Of people using public transport only describes it, and everything in that phrase is designed to pull you towards a plural.

2Correct the error: The information provided by the researchers were incomplete.

Was incomplete. Information is uncountable and takes a singular verb. The plural researchers sitting next to the verb is what causes the error.

3Correct the error: One of the main problems facing cities are traffic congestion.

Is traffic congestion. The subject is one, so the verb is singular. Of the main problems is a plural phrase describing it, not the subject itself.

4Correct the error: Many people believes that the internet has made us less social.

Believe. People is already plural, so the verb takes no s. Peoples exists but means separate nations, which is not what the sentence needs.

5Correct the error: There is several reasons why this policy has failed.

There are. The verb agrees with what follows, and reasons is plural. This one appears constantly in speaking, where there is comes out automatically.

6Correct the error: Each of the four proposals have significant drawbacks.

Has. Each is singular, whatever follows it. The same is true of every, either and neither.

Spotting it here but not in your own writing?

That is normal, and it is the whole problem with grammar study. Recognising an error in a sentence someone has told you contains one is far easier than finding it in your own essay, where every sentence looks correct because you wrote it.

The complete IELTS course on IELTStestONLINE has video lessons on every question type, many more exercises like this one, and your own support tutor you can ask when an answer does not make sense. Take a look at the complete course

You scored 0 out of 0.

Choosing the right option from four is not the same as producing the structure accurately under time in an essay.

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Questions about subject-verb agreement

Is it the number of students has or have?

Has. The subject is the number, which is singular. A number of students have is plural, because there a number of just means several.

Is data singular or plural?

Both are now accepted. The data show is traditional in academic writing and the data shows is widely used. Choose one and stay with it.

Why is people plural?

It is the ordinary plural of person, so it takes a plural verb. Peoples means separate ethnic or national groups and is rarely what you want.

Does agreement matter in speaking?

Yes. Grammatical Range and Accuracy is assessed in the speaking test using the same descriptors, and dropped third-person s is audible.

How much does one agreement error cost?

A single slip counts for little. The problem is that this error repeats, and a pattern of errors is what moves a band down.

Full membership

Range and accuracy are both judgements

Neither is a number you can count for yourself. Knowing which half is holding you back is the difference between studying efficiently and studying blindly.

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